Overview and Effects of Child Abuse Essay - 1805 Words

Child abuse in American today is amongst the most saddened topics of mankind. Many children are subjected to neglect and abuse on a daily basis. The sex and age of child makes no difference when it comes to child abuse.. Boys and girls are equally likely to suffer maltreatment. The problem is how often child abuse goes unreported. Millions of children across the world are abused in some way, whether it is verbal, emotional, physical or sexual. Child abuse has been happening all over the world to young children, however many children keep this a secret because of fear of what could happen. Child Abuse consists of any act of commission or omission that endangers or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and development. It can be†¦show more content†¦The people doing it or seeing it may not even know that it is happening. Emotional abuse can change a thought of a child. A positive to a negative if you will. Then eventually many thoughts a child may have will direct to completely negative. Emotional abuse can be crippling to a child’s everyday life. Humiliation, judging, criticizing and degradation are just some forms of emotional abuse. Verbal abuse is not the same, but can identify with the silent scars as emotional abuse. These kinds of abuses will interfere with a child’s development and may be more likely to have self-esteem issues than most children. The physiological effect will ultimately damage a bond between the child, and the attacker. Physical abuse is a non-accidental trauma which can refer to fractures or any other physical sign on the child’s body. Many children will have bruises, cuts, burns, and even bite marks. Physical child abuse is seldom ever a single event. Usually it occurs often and increasing in violence. A child abuser is usually close to the child, usually, but not all cases, a parent or guardian. Often the child feels they deserve this harsh punishment and most have very low self-esteem. Thus leading to developmental problems in school, very little friends, they may sit alone a lot and may be teased, or tease others and bully. Many children who have gone through physical abuse will also demonstrate some sort of negative behavior. Sexual Abuse of aShow MoreRelatedEffect of Child Abuse in Our Society1405 Words   |  6 Pages EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE IN OUR SOCIETY INTRODUCTION Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional abandonment and/or maltreatment of a child. Child abuse is a latent function of some families that is not intended but happens anyway. Child abuse is often seen differently, depending on various cultures, societies, and groups. We as a society cannot really understand the effect of â€Å"Child Abuse in Our Society† unless we have the grasp knowledge of what child abuse actually is. ThisRead MorePedophilia and Deviant Behavior1695 Words   |  7 Pageshaving a damaging effects on them mentally, psychologically, and sexually. Many times the direct impact of child sexual abuse is not made manifest until well in to adulthood. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, alcohol and or drug abuse, hypertension, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, lack of trust and marital problems are all more frequent in the demographic of adults who were sexually abused or coerced as children (Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview ). Pedophiles wereRead MoreSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy?889 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy The use of controlled substances throughout pregnancy is a very prevalent issue among society today. Controlled substances have devastating effects on not only the mothers using the substances, but also infants while they are in utero and after they are born. Many infants born to mothers, who are abusing drugs, suffer from life threatening illnesses and are forever affected through adulthood. Specifically, heroin is a common drug form that is often used during pregnancyRead MoreChildhood Trauma and the Impact of Adulthood1381 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion of these cases resulting from sexual and/or physical abuse (Perry, 2002). Throughout this review, the author will be taking a closer look at Terr s article, Childhood Trauma: An overview and outline. The author will also discuss the various characteristics of childhood trauma and the effects these factors have on human development in relation to adolescence and adulthood. In the named article, Terr provides a detailed overview of childhood trauma and broadens the understanding of disordersRead MoreChild Abuse And The Long Term Effects860 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion/Introduction â€Å"What is child abuse and how does it effect an individual in long term?† According to ehow.com, child abuse is defined by federal law as, Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or care taker ,which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sex abuse or exploitation. Child abuse is really a very critical problem in our society because it has long lasting social, mental/ emotional, and physical effects on an individual. I have witnessed these effects on close friendsRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1519 Words   |  7 Pages Many children in the US have to endure child abuse. Most people do not understand the consequences the abused children have to live with for the rest of their lives. Because child abuse is a long-term problem, it impacts not only the child and family, but also the society as a whole. Children who are abused usually end up with self-esteem problems and lose their self-confidence. Therefore, they end up getting addicted to drugs or alcohol, which can create problems for their whole commun ityRead MoreChild Abuse and Later Maladjustment in Adulthood Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesearly in their childhood. Abuse can be traumatic for any individual but it is especially troubling when endured at one of the most vulnerable developmental stages of the person’s life. Although intervention has been known to help dramatically, children can be easily manipulated into keeping the abuse a secret. For this reason, an emphasis is placed on the importance of professionals constantly interacting with children, being able to recognize the signs and symptoms of abuse, so that any suspicionsRead MoreWriting Style And Language : Smith And Segal s Don t Turn A Blind Eye 985 Words   |  4 Pageseasier to understand. In this article, Smith and Segal apply loaded language to display the effect of child abuse on the child and the caretaker. Smith and Segal’s use of terminology on the second page of the article describes the results of abuse through the use of loaded language such as â€Å"stony silence†, â€Å"worthless†, and â€Å"damaging a child’s sense of self.† On page ten in the reporting section it describes the child as â€Å"shivering† in â€Å"subzero weather without a jacket.† The use of those phrases and theRead MoreThe Long Term Impact Of Sexual Abuse854 Words   |  4 PagesThe historical overview of child’s childhood had always being depicted as nonexistent. Abuse and neglect were part of their everyday day lives. Children were supposed to be as efficient as an adult but yet were limited to the wants and needs of their parents, as they were view as belonging to them. I was not until recently that the maltreatment towards childr en was broken down into four categories which are physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect. On this paper I willRead More Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay examples1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children(Child Abuse Statistics Facts). Child abuse doesn’t necessarily have to be physical, it can be mental, emotional, or sexual, it can even be neglect. Abuse doesn’t only effect the child being abused but it also affects the people witnessing the abuse. Child abuse can affect the child in many different ways. There can be many effects of abuse on the child (Kraizer). The worst way the child can be affected

A short story †The tranquil night wind Free Essays

The tranquil night wind whistled gently, puffing though the strands of my hair as I slept. The luminous amber streetlights outside twitched as they projected a silhouette of tall, lofty trees prancing in the serene wind through my windows onto me. The sky was clear and the stars were easily visible as they twinkled through the night. We will write a custom essay sample on A short story – The tranquil night wind or any similar topic only for you Order Now After a day of unbearable heat and hard work done, I was in a very satisfying sleep but had awoken through instinct where I had felt that something was irritating me. I felt like I had forgotten to do something and my brain wouldn’t stop reminding, but what was it reminding me? That’s the question. I tried to ignore it but my mind wouldn’t stop sensing a feel of discomfort. I finally decided to get up and try to resolve the matter and investigate what was going on. I approached my door and just before I went to grasp the door handle I felt a slight shock run through the palm of my right hand. I abruptly pulled away and froze for a minute. It was dark and gloomy in my room so I decided to turn on the lights. With caution I flicked on the light switch and was surprised to not feel any more shocks. the luminous light bulb from the ceiling of my room glistened so luminously that I went blind for a few seconds and I just stood there rubbing my eyelids as they couldn’t cope with the sudden illumination of the room. Feel quite dizzy, I continued to attempt to open the door. I vigilantly stretched out to reach for the door handle again and this time I successfully held it firmly without any shocks. Maybe it was just my mind playing up with me? I mean, it was 3am in the morning and I wasn’t feeling too bothered as I investigated what felt wrong. I twisted the door handle but it didn’t open. I tried to twist it open again but it didn’t seem to open. At this point I was furious; I took a deep breath and pinched myself to make sure this wasn’t just another horrid dream, unfortunately it wasn’t. I took a big step back away from my door and charged towards it whilst I firmly clutched the handle and dragged it mightily. It still didn’t open. I roared in fury. I screamed for my parents but I got no reply. I repeated but this time for my siblings but I stood there without a response. No words could explain the rage I was in. I shrieked once more and I irately jolted my door which countered with a massive bruise to my foot . I fell to my feet with my head on the ground, tears recklessly flowing down my face. This wasn’t the day for someone to mess with me, not at all. I got back up on my feet and as I loomed towards the window, I heard a whisper which said â€Å"it’s just you and me† in a sonorous demonic voice followed by an awkward cackle. I brusquely stopped and jumped with fear. I hastily dived under my bed and snatched the broad metal pole I had hidden under there. I got back up and spent 2 or so minutes inspecting my room looking to see if by any chance it was anyone. Was it my conscience? Was it something outside? Or was it really some sort of spectre really talking to me? I scuttled to my open window and took a pro longed gaze outside to see if anyone was out†¦there was nobody. It was an opaque, pitch black night with the white stars twinkling above. The roads were ever so quiet. Who would be out at this time? I guess I did hear something after all, 3am in the morning and my mind seems to be playing with me; I couldn’t even open the door to go and get some water or anything else refreshing. I turned away from the window to retry the door again†¦and I heard a really deafening thump. I jerked in fright and my heart was thumping so hard that I could see it beating out of my t shirt. I gradually rotated myself towards the direction of the noise with my heart in my hands. All four windows in my room had pounded shut. Coincidence? I’m starting not to think so. I stood there in awkward silence for a good 5 minutes. Why me? I stepped foot to approach the windows and the lights flicked off. I squealed worse than those in an intense horror movie; this wasn’t no movie this was reality and I don’t know what was happening. I couldn’t see anything but a slight shadow of something behind me, shortly after that I felt a cold, icy hand on my shoulder. As I turned around, my vision instantly went blurry and I couldn’t see much but I could see something similar to a white spirit with gleaming red eyes. I fainted. How to cite A short story – The tranquil night wind, Papers

Hubungan Interdependensi Kompleks Amerika Serikat Dan China Sample Essay Example For Students

Hubungan Interdependensi Kompleks Amerika Serikat Dan China Sample Essay The intent of this paper it to analyze US-Â ­?China relation largely in economic system facet and how the cooperation work while in the same clip competition in distributing influence between two major power are exist. This paper besides analyzed whether the US-Â ­?China relation can be categorized as a complex mutuality. To analyse this instance. the author used complex mutuality construct from Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye which could explicate the complexness of US-Â ­?China relation. The author used 3 indexs harmonizing to Keohane and Nye to analyze whether US-Â ­? China relation can be categorized as a complex mutuality. The indexs are: 1 ) The usage of multiple channels between societies in interstate. trans-Â ­?governmental. and multinational dealingss ; 2 ) The absence of hierarchy among issues ; 3 ) The diminution of utilizing military force towards other authorities to accomplish terminals. In this paper. the author found that a complex mutuality happened between these two major powers. With large scope of issues and complex relation between them. cooperation brought benefits for both parties but conflictual and competition were non decidedly eliminated. PENDAHULUAN Sejak tahun 1980an. hubungan strategis mulai diperlihatkan oleh Amerika Serikat ( AS ) dan Cina. Setelah pecahnya hubungan antara Uni Soviet ( USSR ) dengan Cina. AS mulai menjalin hubungan dengan Cina dan melihat hubungannya dengan negara tersebut sebagai suatu jalan untuk meredam kekuatan Soviet. Namun kehancuran Soviet membuat Cina menjadi satu-Â ­?satunya negara dengan paham komunis terbesar yang mengancam AS. Saat ini Cina yang merupakan negara dengan kekuatan ekonomi yang terus menguat diprediksi dapat mengimbangi kekuatan AS. Meskipun kedua negara yang disebut major states ini terus bersaing dalam menyebarkan pengaruhnya. hubungan kerjasama yang semakin erat di tahun-Â ­?tahun terakhir terus dilakukan dan bahkan dilihat adanya bentuk interdependensi antar kedua negara. Sehingga muncul pertanyaan apakah hubungan yang dijalin Washington dan Beijing merupakan hubungan yang dapat dilihat sebagai interdependensi kompleks ( complex mutuality ) dan bagaimana bentuk kerj asama yang kompleks antar kedua negara yang juga saling berkompetisi untuk menyebarkan pengaruhnya. Pada dasarnya setiap negara akan bersaing untuk menyebarkan pengaruh dan memperoleh power. 1 Ketika adenosine deaminase negara lain yang dianggap mengancam atau menyaingi kekuatan hegemoninya. negara akan melakukan berbagai cara untuk mengungguli atau menyeimbangkan kekuatan lawan dengan berbagai cara seperti meningkatkan kekuatan militer sebagai bentuk persaingan. membentuk lebih banyak aliansi dengan negara-Â ­?negara lain. dan menyebarkan pengaruh yang lebih besar. Namun yang terjadi pada AS dan Cina adalah justru kerjasama yang dijalin antar kedua negara yang notabene sedang berkompetisi. Washington dan Beijing terus menciptakan hubungan yang kooperatif dalam berbagai aspek Dari tahun ke tahun. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah hubungan AS dan Cina dapat dikategorikan sebagai complex mutuality dengan menganalisa indikator-Â ­? 1 Morgenthau. Politicss Among States: the battle for power and peace ( New York: McGraw-Â ­?Hill. 1993 ) hal. 25 indikator yang adenosine d eaminase. Selain itu tulisan ini juga Akan melihat bentuk kerjasama yang dilakukan antar kedua negara yang juga saling berkompetisi antar satu dengan yang lain. KERANGKA TEORI Konsep complex mutuality dalam hubungan internasional yang dicetuskan oleh Robert Keohane dan Joseph Nye melihat bahwa negara melakukan berbagai hubungan transnasional yang kompleks dan adanya saling ketergantungan antar negara dan masyarakat yang meningkat. sedangkan penggunaan kekuatan militer dan pengimbangan kekuatan ( balance of power ) menurun namun tetap dianggap penting. Keohane dan Nye berpendapat bahwa dengan menurunnya penggunaan kekuatan militer sebagai instrumen kebijakan dan meningkatnya interdependensi dalam bidang ekonomi dan aspek lainnya. kemungkinan adanya kerjasama antar negara akan meningkat. Dalam konsep interdependensi Keohane dan Nye. mereka menekankan adanya perbedaan antara dependensi dan interdependensi dalam menganalisa kekuatan setiap negara dan hubungannya dengan aktor-Â ­?aktor internasional. 2 Ada 3 karakteristik yang digunakan oleh Keohane dan Nye untuk mendeksripsikan complex mutuality. yaitu: 1 ) Adanya berbagai alur yang menghubungk an masyarakat antar negara. antar-Â ­?pemerintah. juga hubungan transnasional ; Purpose: To see if their is an effect on golf ball EssayBahkan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. AS-Â ­?Cina bersama menangani berbagai isu seperti perdagangan. hak asasi manusia. isu keamanan nuklir. perbatasan. energi-Â ­? lingkungan. dan hampir setiap aspek penting bagi negara. Isu-Â ­?isu yang ditangani dalam hubungan kedua negara juga tidak lagi dapat dikelompokan dan dipisahkan. Sulit untuk menggolongkan mana isu yang penting atau dominan dalam keseluruhan isu yang begitu banyak dibahas oleh Cina dan AS. KESIMPULAN Hubungan antara Cina dan AS dapat dikategorikan sebagai hubungan interdependensi yang kompleks. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan adanya hubungan melalui berbagai alur dan cara antar kedua negara baik secara formal maupun informal. Hubungan antar negara tidak lagi sangat terbatas. namun berbagai aktor dan masyarakat dalam negara dapat saling berhubungan dengan negara lain. Beragamnya isu-Â ­?isu yang ditangani dan diperhatikan oleh kedua negara juga memperlihatkan hilangnya hierarki isu. sehingga sulit untuk menentukan mana isu yang dominan dan mana yang tidak karena semuanya mempunyai posisi yang penting dan berpengaruh. Kedua negara juga memperlihatkan bahwa semakin berkurangnya penggunaan kekuatan militer sebagai salat satu pilihan kebijakan demi pencapaian kepentingan. Hubungan AS-Â ­?Cina tidak lagi hanya dilihat dari aspek keamanan ( security ) namun melihat aspek lain misalnya dalam hal ekonomi dalam pencapaian kepentingan melalui hubungan kerjasama. Dalam perkembangannya. AS dan Cina terus melakukan kerjasama untuk menangani berbagai isu namun pada saat yang bersamaan persaingan dan kontradiksi tetap mewarnai hubungan mereka. Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa kedua negara besar ini saling berkompetisi melakukan penyeimbangan kekuatan ( balance of power ) . Kerjasama yang dilakukan tidak sertamerta membuat kedua negara menjadi sahabat baik dan sepak at dalam segala hal. namun hubungan bilateral yang dilakukan merupakan hubungan yang blanching penting bukan hanya bagi kedua negara. namun juga bagi kawasan internasional. Interdependensi dapat dilihat sebagai suatu jalan untuk mencapai keseimbangan atau balance of power dalam politik internasional. Mentions: DAFTAR PUSTAKA Morgenthau. Hans. J A ; Thompson. Kenneth. W. 1993. Politicss Among States: the battle for power and peace. New York: Mc-Â ­?Graw Hill. Keohane. Robert. O A ; Nye. Joseph. S. 1997. Power and Interdependence. Foreign Policy Initiative. 2011. FPI Analysis: Assessing U. S Policy Towards China. Foreign Policy Initiative. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. foreignpolicyi. org/content/fpi-Â ­?analysis-Â ­? assessing-Â ­?us-Â ­?policy-Â ­?towards-Â ­?china. diakses 29 September 2012 Euronews. 2011. US and China economically mutualist. Euronews. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. euronews. com/2011/01/19/us-Â ­?and-Â ­?china-Â ­?economically-Â ­? interdependent/ . diakses 29 September 2012 Office of the US Trade Representative. China. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ustr. gov/countries-Â ­? regions/china. diakses 29 September 2012 Keohane. Robert. O A ; Nye. Joseph. S. 1977. Power and Interdependence: Universe Politicss in Transition. New York: Small. Brow n and Company. Office of the Press Secretary. 2009. U. S. -Â ­?China Joint Statement. The White House. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. whitehouse. gov/the-Â ­?press-Â ­?office/us-Â ­?china-Â ­?joint-Â ­?statement. diakses 30 September 2012 Xin Hua. 2010. Wang stresses China. US eonomic mutuality. China Daily. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. chinadaily. com. cn/china/2010-Â ­?05/24/content_9886089. htm. diakses 29 September 2012

Malaysia Dairy Industries Private Limited Essay Example

Malaysia Dairy Industries Private Limited Essay Malaysia Dairy Industries Private Limited (MDI) began in 1963 as a joint venture between a Singapore entrepreneur, Mr. Thio Keng Poon and the Australian Dairy Produce Board. Five years later, the company became a locally owned entity after Mr. Thio and his family bought over the Australian interest in the company. MDI become the first manufacturer of evaporated milk and cultured milk in Singapore and Malaysia. Besides, it also the first to produce 100% fruit juice in both countries. Later, the company also became the first to install an Alfa-Laval UHT Steritherm plant in Asia. In 1994, MDI received the ISO 9002 certificate for Quality Management System in Production and Installation. Over the last decade, MDI has seen a tremendous growth in demand for its perishable products. Demands for pasteurised products have increased form 50,000 litres per month to more than 1.3 million litres per month today. At the same time, Vitagen has become so popular among peoples especially children, that lead MDI has had to expand production capacity to meet the growing demands. Therefore, a trend of continued growth leading well into the next century is expected. As MDI prepares to this growth, it has already built a 5-storey extension to its headquarters to provide greater capacity and scope for manufacturing in the future. While Malaysia Milk Sdn Bhd, its Malaysian subsidiary has also completed its sophisticated new building to meet the needs of the Malaysian consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Dairy Industries Private Limited specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Dairy Industries Private Limited specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysia Dairy Industries Private Limited specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today, MDI manufactures as many as 21 various product lines, which under the brand Marigold include sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, cultured milk, full cream milk powder, pasteurised milk, high calcium milk, long-life milk, fruit juices, yoghurts, and dessert etc. (see appendix for the overview of products). Besides, MDIs research and development laboratory has always played an important role in MDI and especially so in the last few years in order to manufacture products that meet its high standards. In todays environment, companies are operating in an uncertain and turbulent environment, especially due to the US war that will be launch soon. The firms will experiences very high uncertainty while external environmental factors change rapidly. This is because the firms do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes. Moreover, It will reduce the planning horizon because if the firm operates in an uncertain environment, its management is unlikely to develop plans for more than a few years ahead as they accept that will be subject to large margins of error. Thus, MDI must respond by designing its firm to adapt to the external environment and to influence that environment. The external environment for any organisation includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organisation that have the potential to affect the organisation, which are the Political, Economic, Social cultural and Technological. Political The political dimension that affects MDI includes government regulations at the local, state, and federal levels as well as political activities designed to influence company behaviour. For the entire product, which produce by the MDI shall in all other aspects comply with the requirements of the legislation that currently enforced in Malaysia i.e. The Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 which set product standards and particular labelling requirements for milk and milk based products. Each product may by arrangement with a recognised certification body, be marked with the certification mark of that body, provided the product conforms to the requirements of this Malaysian Standard. On the other hand, dairy imports such as milk powder, cheese and butter are required to be certified halal by the Malaysian religious authority, for direct consumption and usage as ingredients for further processing. An import license, issued by the Department of Veterinary Services and Ministry of Int ernational Trade and Industry is necessary for consignments of dairy products entering into Malaysia. Economic The economic represent the general economic health of the country or region in which the organization operates. With the uncertainties over the economy in 2001 and 2002 which due to the war on terrorism since last year, there was softness in demand of dairy product in the local dairy market. The environment today became more turbulent as the terrorism happens everywhere such as the explosion that take place in the Bali in Indonesia, and the Philippine city of Zamboanga. (See appendix about more current issue) Besides, US president was declared to launch war with the Iraq. If this situation takes place, it will mainly affect our economic growth, especially in the Asian countries because the economic problems in US have had a significant impact on the Asian countries as well as the stock market. The world dairy raw material prices will increase due to the inflation of the countries. The dairy product price will therefore increase due to the high cost of raw material. The consumer purch asing power also affect here that the demand of the milk product will be reduces. The consumer may go for select the substitute product which was cheaper than the milk product e.g. soya bean. The unemployment may also take place due to the downturn of economic. Social Cultural The social cultural dimension of the general environment represents the demographic characteristics as well as the norms, customs and value of the general population. In order to meet the consumer satisfaction, MDI have to consider needs of the consumer based on their attitude, taste, age, and the family size. For instance, for the milk it self, it should aimed at various sections of the market i.e. pregnant women, breast feeding mothers, toddlers, children, adolescents, slimmers, active adults, pensioners. For example, a fruit yogurt in Thailand emphasizes health and low calories and is targeted at young women; in Europe, a drinking yogurt in a bright container and featuring a cartoon character on the packaging is aimed at children; elsewhere, a drinking yogurt fortified with vitamins is aimed at active women between the ages of 30 and 40. In this respect, it often seems as if a product is available for every age and occasion. On the other hand, the family also one of the factors affects the producing of milk product. For example, standard packaging of milk in litre and half-litre containers, is well adapted to home consumption, but not well adapted to competing with soft drinks sold from vending machines. For this market, the size of the packaging needs to change (often to between 200 and 350 ml) to encourage sales of milk products, such as flavored milk and chilled coffee, which can compete with soft drinks. Technological Technological dimension includes scientific and technological advancements in a specific industry as well as in society at large. This factor will also affect MDI since the company is using new technology equipment to develop their innovative products. With unceasingly introducing of new technology will be able to develop the innovative products with high quality and high standards. Globalisation means an adherence to universal business principles and practices, which are recognized, respected and understood by the regional and global corporate communities. It is regardless of goods and services that flow across international borders and across vast oceans with few impediments. This also a process which tends to increase the interdependence between national economies. Global markets could offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. It can be seen, as a movement towards the formation of a single market for goods and services, in which there is no discrimination based on the geographical origin of producers and consumers. Rules of business are changing rapidly and if management is not sensitive to change, their business will be severely affected. Therefore, to survive in the market place, management will h ave no choice but to quickly adapt to continuous changes of globalisation to remain competitive. Opportunity and Threat Today the will to constantly upgrade and to stay at the frontier of the industry remain the key to the companys vision. To meet the challenges ahead, MDI is focusing on the vision which will cover every aspect of business, involving every member of its staff and at every level of the company. Thus, such vision and the principles such as ISO, HACCP become the guiding lights that will plot the companys course in the future. The opportunity to take part in the emerging global economy will also comes to the company. The company will not only establish himself in Malaysia and Singapore but also in other Asia countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, China, Vietnam, and Myanmar etc. However, over recent months, there had been increasing concern over the global economic slowdown, which was most clearly seen in the US and to a lesser extent, in Europe and some countries in Asia. Apparently, the events of Sept 11 had a significant impact on the global business activities. Foreign direct investment worldwide has declined by nearly 50%, indicating a lack of consumer and investor in the light of growing uncertainties in the global business and geo-political environment. This may become one of the threats to MDI in developing its global business. The company also face tough challenge in competitive environment because the competition in the global market is intense, with several major producers vying for the market share. In order to help the company understand their competitive advantage or disadvantage relative to competitors, and to give an informed basis for developing future strategies to sustain or establish advantage over competitors, competitor analysis of the following are necessary here. Competitor Analysis Porter argue that competition in an industry is determined by its basic underlying economic structure, which are the following five force models: * Rivalry among existing competitors The competitor strategic would be one of the main factors to influence the business of MDI. Competitors such as Dutch Lady Milk Industries, Premier Milk/FN Dairies, Nestle Products, New Zealand Milk Products and the Dumex (Malaysia) are constantly coming up with their own market promotional programs by introducing new and improved products and innovative packaging, in order to gain and maintain their market share. These companies often conduct product demonstrations and conduct sampling in shopping complexes and supermarkets. * Threat of new entrants The second model is the barrier to entry the industry. Where barriers to entry are high, the new entrants are likely to be deterred. While the low barriers generally mean that the responses will be slower and offering more opportunity. The barriers to entry the dairy industry are consider medium. The main barrier that the new entrant face would be the creation of strong brands of the competitors such as Nestle and Dutch Lady. * The bargaining power of suppliers This means the behaviour of supplier and their relative power which can squeeze industry profits. This power may affect MDI as most of the raw materials to produce the dairy products are imported from the foreign country such as Australia, Europe and US. Such countries are playing a major player in the world trade of dairy product and they may attempted to dominant the price of the raw material e.g. raises their price to the industry and hence take over part of the profit for themselves. * The bargaining power of buyers Buyers use their power to trade around the industry participant to gain lower prices or improvement to product quality will also affect profitability of MDI. The high standard of milk product that produced by MDI normally offers a lower price compare to other competitors and thus attract more consumer to buy it, for example the low fat of HL milk. * The threat of product substitutes The substitute products which bring the same need to satisfy consumer will bring down the purchases power of the milk product especially when the price move upwards. For example, when the price of the pasteurised milk move up, the customer may look for soya milk which is more cheaper and healthy than the pasteurised milk. In order to tackle the challenges and competitive environment and to expand the company business to the global market, planning consider the main action to MDI to decide where the company to be in the future and how to get it. In fact, the organization such as Shell, IBM, Royal LaPaige, Mazda and United Way have been undertaken a strategic planning exercise each year for reviewing their missions, goals, and plans to meet environment changes or the expectations of important stakeholders. Thus, planning is an important fundamental action for every organization to achieve their goals. There are four main stages in the planning process, which are the following. Establishing Objectives For planning purpose, it is necessary for MDI to define the companys objectives as to provide a sense of direction. The companys objectives are important because company exist for a purpose and such objectives define and state that purpose. Strategic or long-range planning therefore begins with the specification of the objectives towards which future operations should be directed. The attainment of objective also aimed to create the source of motivation and commitment among the employees because the companys goal will facilitate employees identification with the organisation and help motivate them by reducing uncertainty and clarifying what they should accomplish. The first objective that MDI should define is the mission of the company, which describes the broad purpose and its reason for existence, the nature of business and the customers it seek and satisfy. For instance, the business scope of MDI is manufacturing of dairy products. Meanwhile the purpose of the company is to improve the growing demands of the dairy products towards global economy. Another important objective which relate to the organisation as a whole is the corporate objectives. They are normally measurable and are expressed in financial terms such as desired profits or sales levels, return on capital employed, rate of growth or market share. It is important that senior managers of MDI understand clearly where their company is going and why and how their own role contributes to the attainment of corporate objectives. Once the overall objective of the company have been established they must be broken down into subsidiary objectives relating to areas such as product range, market segmentation, customer service etc. Identify Potential Strategies The following stage to the above is to identify a range of possible course of action or strategies that might enable the objectives of MDI to be achieved. Prior to developing strategies, it is necessary to undertake a strategic analysis to better understand the organisations present strategic situation. This involves SWOT analysis of MDI that assess companys strengths and weakness, opportunity and threats in relation to the internal and environmental factors. Once we understand the SWOT of the company, we will be able to identify alternative strategies for the company. The following are some of the strategic that MDI could be use. * Cost leadership This strategy is the aim at being the lowest cost producer in the industry. A firm that bases its competitive strategy on overall cost leadership must construct the most efficient facilities and obtain the largest share market so that its cost per unit is lowest in the industry. It has the ability to lower price in time of severe price competition and provides a cushion to defend profit levels against competitors. Therefore, experience with building the product is very important such as process of production, delivery and service, which lead to further their cost reductions. To bring the cost to the lowest, MDI have to reduce the import of the dairy raw material form foreign country and examining alternatives suppliers who will give the lowest price of ingredients to the company. MDI also can reduce costs through supporting research into new technologies, and using new technology to improve product value, and increasing productivity, and thus bring down the cost. Besides, the company also can use the incentive pay system in order to motivate worker to produce more of the dairy product.

The Auto Pact essays

The Auto Pact essays The auto pact is a trade agreement between Canada and the United States for automotive parts and vehicles. It is known as the most successful trade agreement, helping Canada become one of the worlds biggest automobile producing countries. This agreement allowed North American companies to import cars duty-free from anywhere in the world. It also guaranteed free trade of automobiles and parts between Canada and the US. This meant that manufacturers could locate their factory in either country, wherever the larger workforces is located or best location for shipping and sell their products to either country without having to worry about paying extra. The pact started because of Canada was spending more money buying American goods then Americans were buying Canadian goods. The government had to do something before it got even worse. The pact was made to fix this imbalance. This imbalance was mostly due to the automobile industry. Canada was importing more auto parts and automobiles from the States, then Canada was exporting. Talks for a trade agreement in the automobile industry between Canada and the United States began in July 1964. By January 1965 Prime Minister Lester Pearson and President Lyndon Johnson signed the pact. Of course with any agreement there were conditions that went along with it. The Canadian government wanted the number of cars brought into the country to equal the number of cars that were manufactured within Canada. This meant that the three large manufacturers: Ford, Chrysler and General Motors had to manufacture at least one vehicle for everyone brought into the country. Each car sold had to be at least 65% Canadian content. There was also a tax of 6.1% put on cars imported into the country, mostly from Japan, Germany and Britain. This pact did not only help Canada become one of the worlds biggest automobile producing countries that it did, but also tied Canadian and US closer together. T ...

Celebrate Marriage With These Love Quotes

Celebrate Marriage With These Love Quotes You dont need a marriage to legitimize your relationship. Marriages are sacred vows and hence should be undertaken only when two people in love are willing to enter into a lifetime commitment. Without love, there cannot be a happy marriage. After years of commitment and togetherness, boredom can set in. Only love can help bind the couple and keep them happy forever. Here are some marriage love quotes to help rekindle the passion of love in marriage. Love Quotes for Rekindling Your Marriage Georg C. LichtenbergLove is blind, but marriage restores its sight. Groucho MarxSome people claim that marriage interferes with romance. Theres no doubt about it. Anytime you have a romance, your wife is bound to interfere. Harriet MartineauAny one must see at a glance that if men and women marry those whom they do not love, they must love those whom they do not marry. Mark TwainLove seems the swiftest, but it is the slowest of all growths. No man or woman really knows what perfect love is until they have been married a quarter of a century. Tom MullenHappy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry. David BissonetteI recently read that love is entirely a matter of chemistry. That must be why my wife treats me like toxic waste. Benjamin FranklinWhere there is marriage without love, there will be love without marriage. James GrahamLove is blind and marriage is the institution for the blind. George Bernard ShawIt is most unwise for people in love to marry. Pauline ThomasonLove is blind marriage is the eye-opener. Tom MullenHappy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry. Ellen KeyLove is moral even without legal marriage, but marriage is immoral without love. Will DurantThe love we have in our youth is superficial compared to the love that an old man has for his old wife. Pearl S. BuckA good marriage is one, which allows for change and growth in the individuals and in the way they express their love. Nathaniel HawthorneWhat a happy and holy fashion it is that those who love one another should rest on the same pillow. Michel de MontaigneIf there is such a thing as a good marriage, it is because it resembles friendship rather than love. MoliereLove is often the fruit of marriage. Mignon McLaughlinAfter the chills and fever of love, how nice is the 98.6Â º of marriage! Langdon MitchellMarriage is three parts love and seven parts forgiveness of sins. Mignon McLaughlinLove requires a willingness to die; marriage, a willingness to live.

Reasons for Low GPA Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reasons for Low GPA - Personal Statement Example I started my university education in the USA and have struggled in making sure my aggregate points remain above average. My wish to transfer to Korea is based on the fact that I have faced several challenges in the United States that have had a negative impact on my education. I experienced nostalgia in America since I was in a new culture, new language and with no friends. The situation affected my education and social life. The loneliness caused depression, and I had to seek medical help. In my urge to excel in education, I sought help from my professor who gave me moral and academic support. The depression cost me dearly academically such that I registered a GPA of 2.34, which is the lowest in my university education. However, after medication and counseling, I improved notably to attain the current GPA of 2.72. The circumstances surrounding my studies in the United States are responsible for my poor performance. However, I demonstrated that I can perform better in a friendly environment. Transferring to Korea will eliminate the language problem and thus improve my understanding. Moreover, I prefer a Korean college life to the American life. My low GPA for last semester should not scatter my chance of transferring to Korea. Based on the above reasons, I implore you to consider the current GPA.

Four components of an information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Four components of an information system - Essay Example Software consists of the programs and manuals written to run the hardware. Software process the instructions issued by humans and relay them to the hardware. Data is what is entered into the information system (Hurson 36). It can consist of numbers or words fed into the system through typing or other means. Humans are the people who issue commands and manage the system, while processes are the steps followed in running information system. For instance, when using a computer there is a defined procedure for switching it on or off, or performing other standard operations that help to run it. It is important to consider all the aforementioned components when designing an information system because they are the fundamental parts that make it work. It cannot run without any of these components, so it is quite obvious that they must feature in its design (Stair and Reynolds 13). For example, it would be useless to design a car without a steering wheel or a fuel tank because such parts make it what it is. Information systems are probably the most common aspect of human activities in the 21st century. People use information systems to make processes easier to execute, as well as to enhance their quality of life. It is expected that information systems will become more complex as time goes, embedding themselves deeper in our lives (Stair and Reynolds

Academic Plagiarism - the Practices and Perceptions Essay Example for Free

Academic Plagiarism the Practices and Perceptions Essay Plagiarism is a common concern in education, entertainment, and some parts of history. The Online Merriam Webster Dictionary (2012) defines plagiarism as â€Å"the act of stealing and passing off the ideas or other words of another as one’s own.† This activity is unacceptable and is still performed. Because of this practice, however, researchers conducted surveys in several schools to comprehend this act of dishonesty. The reasons for the practice of cheating are complex but also essential to examine. See more: Ethnic groups and racism essay Brian Hansen (2003), a CQ Researcher in Combating Plagiarism, analyzed the practice of plagiarism among schools and the media. He states, â€Å"The perception [among college professors] is that students are no longer learning about plagiarism adequately at a high-school level, so there’s an education and re-education process that needs to take place† (2003, p.777). Various students may not recognize their research as a dishonest activity because their professors may have not introduced the idea of plagiarism to them. Dominic A. Sisti (2007), a researcher regarding plagiarism, said â€Å"student responses reflect a lack of clarity regarding what exactly their school’s policy says regarding copy-paste practices† (2007, p. 225). Because of the lack of clarification, it is essential that professors give direct and comprehensive instructions for each student before he or she works. Patrick M. Scanlon and David R. Neumann (2002), two researchers who have also conducted surveys about plagiarism, noticed that the measures of incidence of cheating suggest a contradiction between what students say and do. â€Å"Some [students] have argued that colleges and universities are not doing nearly enough to foster a commitment among students to academic honesty† (2002, p.376). The lack of acknowledgement is one of the leading causes for students to academically plagiarize. When students are unaware of the idea of plagiarism, they tend to complete their work without much concern or effort. Students may refer to term-paper purchasing websites or directly copy and paste from the web. In Hansen’s CQ reader, McCabe found that â€Å"44 percent of the students considered minor, cut-and-paste Internet plagiarism as ‘trivial’ cheating or not cheating at all† (2003, p.778). This fact suggests that students do not have a standard of cheating. Sisti had also observed what students perceived as cheating. â€Å"Their comments clearly indicated that they did not feel cheating was a significant concern. Further, statements by these students reinforced the findings of previous research that show cheating gets easier as students continue to cheat and that students are not really concerned about being caught† (2007, p. 217). Among these students, they may feel the right to cheat because of the influence by others. In Scanlon and Neumann’s research, they state that â€Å"Students consistently judged plagiarism by others to be more prevalent than their own self-reports would suggest† (2002, p.380). This means that the students viewed academically cheating common in their generation. The lack of concern between students and cheating is one of the few major sources of plagiarism. Another cause of academic plagiarism is because students feel that they cannot complete their task within the given amount of time. Among these students, they referred to the Internet for their research as their major source of information. Scanlon and Neumann share their concerns by stating that, â€Å"university administrators, faculty, and staff should be concerned about the impact of the Internet in shaping a new generation of students’ conception of what does and does not constitute fair use of then countless texts so readily available at the click of a mouse† (2002, p. 374). â€Å"The amount of online plagiarism reported here should be a matter of concern, although the current study does not point to an epidemic of Internet plagiarism. Academic dishonesty is most strongly associated with the perceptions of peers’ behavior† (2002, p. 383). However, if teachers do use plagiarism-detection websites, students may still view plagiarism acceptable. Sisti concluded that â€Å"students might incorrectly interpret the system feedback, believing that plagiarism is simply a degree of acceptable paraphrasing (2007, p. 228).† This means that students will not only misunderstand their topics, but also lack future referencing and the meaning behind plagiarism. The Internet provided these students term-paper purchasing websites and complex reading which directs them to cheat. Therefore, educators must be aware of students’ uses of the Internet when resorted for academic research. Fortunately, there are plagiarism-detection soft wares available for teachers’ use. However, teachers who rely on these programs must initially teach their students the proper way to do their research and how to cite their sources if they choose to quote or paraphrase. If more students become aware of this problematic behavior and if teachers show greater concern, then it is very possible for the plagiarizing activity to minimize. Corrected Annotated Bibliography Hansen, B. (2003, September, 19). Combating plagiarism. The CQ Researcher, 13(32), 775-594. Retrieved from http://www.cqpress.com/docs/Combating%20plagiarism.pdf Plagiarism is a problem that is not only found in education. This form of cheating is also found in music and history. Many people who plagiarize may not be aware of this kind of cheating. Hansen (2003) states that â€Å"The perception [among college professors] is that students are no longer learning about plagiarism adequately at a high-school level, so there is an education and re-education process that needs to take place† (p. 777). Because of this, several professors experienced great consequences by responding to academic cheating. Hansen was concerned if the Internet played a major role towards academic plagiarism; because of its existence, few teachers refer to plagiarism detection programs such as turnitin.com. Another concern that Hanson addressed was how news organizations did not sufficiently guard against plagiarism used in the media. He, then, concluded that plagiarism has not dramatically change in comparison to book text copying and Internet plagiarism. Plagiarism. (2012). Merriam-Webster.com/. Retrieved Sep 16, 2012, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize Scanlon, P. M., Neumann, D, R. (2002). Internet plagiarism among college students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(3), 374-385. Retrieved from http://www4.ncsu.edu/~ladare/eac595/readings/scanlon-neumann.pdf The awareness of academic plagiarism allowed Patrick M. Scanlon and David R. Neumann (2002) to survey students about partaking in such activity. The focus of the survey was to assess students’ perceptions and practices. In Scanlon and Neumann’s study, they address that students’ perception on peer behavior, their faculties’ ethical views, and their awareness of institutional sanctions greatly contribute to their reasons to plagiarize (p. 375). Students are vulnerable to what others may think and not fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. In other words, they also feel that it is more acceptable to copy from the Internet if their peers are also plagiarizing. Students who participated in this study were to confront the eight different types of plagiarism as self-reports. Scanlon and Neumann analyzed that the Internet will not affect the way one writes or performs his research. Sisti D. A, (2007). How do high school students justify Internet plagiarism? Ethics Behavior, 17(3), 215-231. Retrieved from http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pdf/top10/HEBHdown.pdf Dominic A. Sisti (2007) surveyed 160 high schools about the usage of the Internet. He merely focused on Internet plagiarism, which includes the copy and paste method and term paper purchasing. The top reason why students resorted to academic dishonesty was because of the limited time given to complete their research. According to Sisti, â€Å"The results indicated that students were more easily able to justify copy-paste plagiarism for a variety of reasons that mirror justifications of other forms of conventional plagiarism† (p. 215). In other words, the students felt that copying and pasting was a better option than term paper purchasing because of the less risk of getting caught. In addition to Sisti’s research, he exclaimed that students would admit that they felt confused by a professor’s instruction which directed them to plagiarize. Due to this fact, Sisti offered educators several strategies for managing academic dishonesty

The Three Witches in Macbeth Essay -- William Shakespeare

The three witches in the tragedy Macbeth are introduced right at the beginning of the play. The scene opens with the witches chanting three prophesies: Macbeth will be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glamis and King. These prophesies introduce Macbeth to his plan of defeat and to over power. Macbeth will eventually follow through in killing king Duncan. Some people believe that the witches had the ability to reverse the order of things. This brings into the play idea of fate and the role with which it has in the play. One can only wonder if Macbeth ever had a chance of doing what was right after he met with the witches. It is however, more realistic to believe that Macbeth was responsible for his own actions throughout the play and in the end, he was the one who made the final decisions. The witches could see the future, they could add temptation, and influence Macbeth, but they could not control his destiny. No one can change the destiny of ones life nor can anyone tell the destiny of ones life. Macbeth creates his own sadness when he is driven by his own sense of guilt. He realized what he did was immoral and he cant stand the thought. This causes him to become insecure about his actions which causes him to commit more murders. The witches are great at intriguing, but in the end, it is each individuals decision to fall for the temptation, or to be strong enough to resist their captivation. That’s where Macbeth messed up, he didn’t trust himself enough and wasn’t confident enough in himself to know what the right thing was. The three Witches are only responsible for giving Macbeth the ideas and for forming ideas in Macbeth’s head. They are not responsible for h... ... is warned about the truth of the witches prophesies, he is tempted and refuses to listen to reason from Banquo. Macbeth blames the witches for deceiving him with half truths. While the witches are not totally responsible for the actions of Macbeth, they are responsible for introducing the ideas to Macbeth which in turn fired up Macbeth's ambition and led to a disastrous And unnecessary chain of events. The story of Macbeth teaches us many lessons in life. The lesson that stuck out to me is to be your own person. Macbeth let other people control him and lead him. He didn’t make decisions for himself nor did he follow his heart in everything he did. He was just thinking about what the witches and Lady Macbeth wanted. When you live your life for other people your really not living. Macbeth taught me a lot of lessons that I will continue to use throughout my life.

The Social Role of Women

If asked what is the social role of women? The most logical answer would be that of a mother, a nurturer. Someone else may say barefoot and pregnant but it all panned out to be the same thing, inferiority. Throughout the centuries, women such as Mary Wollstonecraft fought to change this gender stereotype. It is socially thought that women are inferior to men, which is still the case in many countries. A Vindication on the Rights of Women was written back in the 1700’s, where women were to be submissive to their husbands.Disobedience was not tolerated. The cooking, cleaning, and rearing of children was the main objective. Wollstonecraft pointed out in her writings her displeasure of the government, and how women were not allowed to participate in the political issues but were expected to abide by its laws. Women were poorly educated, but expected to educate their children. Therefore, children received poor educations [ (Wollstonecraft) ]. Even in this time; many women felt the woes of their confinement and wanted to be more socially accepted.Women played major roles in shaping this country. During the Civil War, women such as Sarah Emma Edmonds acted as nurses, Union and Confederate soldiers, and even spies [ (Wilson) ]. After the Civil War, it brought about significant change for women’s rights. Wollstonecraft wanted equal opportunity in the political policy as well as in the government. She wrote a letter to M. Talleyrand Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun, she states, â€Å"I plead for my sex not for myself, in calling upon you now to weigh what I have advanced respecting the rights of woman and national education†. (Wollstonecraft) ] Wollstonecraft demanded Perigord do an investigation on the Constitution, and when it is revised that women be included in the revised version. As we look at today’s social standards, we as women have come a long way. We now own businesses; we are in congress, and even running for President. I do believe that a woman would be able to run this country just as well as men. We are the backbones of our men without us they would not have gone as far as we have. We still have some obstacles to hurdle over.Now that we have broken out of the homes and into the workplace, we must now battle to be equally paid and acknowledged as that of men. Women are overlooked but we are paving our own way to equality. One day we will be looked at as an opponent and not a subordinate.Bibliography Wilson, Barbara A. Women were There. 3 December 2010 <http://userpages. aug. com/captbarb/femvets2. html>. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication on the Rights of Women. New York, NY: Penguin Classics, 2004.

A Good Life Does Not Have to Be Complex.

Arsh Atwal A Good Life does not have to be Complex April 6/2013 A good life is defined differently for everyone. Our parents, friends, and the media all comprise a vision that we see as the best way of experiencing our lives. Hen determining what is a good life, there are many evident things that come to mind that would be a part of a good life for everyone. Having an active healthy existence, feeling safe and secure in your life, and being happy are the most likely answers to the question of a good life. Health is an essential part to a good life, as is morals and beliefs.A good life is defined by how people interpret the term happiness. Most peoples lives are based on their morals and beliefs. People believe money is the root of all evil, allowing things of lesser value make them feel they are living the good life. An example of this would be when people purchase an apartment and being just as content as if they would have gotten a big spacious house. However, some also believe wea lth is needed to effectively live a good life when you are seeking happiness through things that make you individually well off.An example of this would be buying the newest car rather than a cheaper car. Pursuing happiness through morals can sometimes be dreadful. Happiness can be found in daily life. However, as peoples living standard rises, many people don’t content simple life, they always will want more. Having happiness does not mean how wonderful the house you live in is. While people are looking for something that they think can make them happy, their life becomes too complex. People will never be happy for what they have now.Although material things can make life more interesting, they will not make you feel the real happiness and have good life. Being simple everyday is what makes people happy. A happy family is a healthy and loving family. Having support of each other during good and bad times, is very important because it relives stress. Less stress means better health. Loving your family brings and keeps happiness inside the home. No support or love in a family leads to meaningless household, this can divide family members into not caring.Keeping family close by eating meals and going on trips together makes a great loving family, which is part of a good life. A good life is not a specific way of life for every person. For each person, the meaning of a good life is different. Whatever way of life a person is comfortable and happy with counts as a good life for that person. It is hard to say that only one way of life is a good way of life because each person prefers different things and wants different things

Free Essays on Francis Drake

From Plowboy to Privateer: The Intriguing Life of Sir Francis Drake. Chasing down a Spanish galleon full of untold treasures headed for the King, fighting your arch adversary for the glory of God and country, returning home with the spoils of victory and the reputation of a fearsome sea dog; this was my dream as a young boy sitting on my grandfather’s lap as I listened to him tell the rich tales of those brave souls who rode the mighty seas before him. This was my dream as a child, but it was the life of Sir Francis Drake; one of the most famous and to some, infamous seamen of Elizabethan England. But there was more to this famed character than just the tremendous wealth he attained or his many naval victories; there were also times of poverty and utter failure. This was the life of Sir Francis Drake. The exact date of Drake’s birth eludes historians, but he was believed to have been born between 1540 and 1543 to a yeomen farmer family. Francis’s grandparents leased the Crowndale farm from the estate of Lord Francis Russell. Francis’s father Edmund was also born at Crowndale (Kelsey 4). There the family farmed nearly 180 acres of land and lived by fairly comfortable means. Francis’s father Edmund also served the local community and the county of Devonshire as a Protestant lay preacher (â€Å"Sir Francis Drake† 211). His father’s ideals and teachings had great effect on Francis and his upbringing and experiences as a Protestant would lead to a loathing of Catholics later in his life. During the Catholic uprising of 1549, the Drake family was forced to flee their comfortable Crowndale home in Devonshire County and head east. The family settled in the county of Kent. Giving up their contented homestead at Crowndale, the Drakes found lodging on the south bank of the Thames Estuary, in the hull of an old naval ship near Chatham (Kelsey 8) (â€Å"Sir Francis Drake† 211). The life we think of as being full of ... Free Essays on Francis Drake Free Essays on Francis Drake From Plowboy to Privateer: The Intriguing Life of Sir Francis Drake. Chasing down a Spanish galleon full of untold treasures headed for the King, fighting your arch adversary for the glory of God and country, returning home with the spoils of victory and the reputation of a fearsome sea dog; this was my dream as a young boy sitting on my grandfather’s lap as I listened to him tell the rich tales of those brave souls who rode the mighty seas before him. This was my dream as a child, but it was the life of Sir Francis Drake; one of the most famous and to some, infamous seamen of Elizabethan England. But there was more to this famed character than just the tremendous wealth he attained or his many naval victories; there were also times of poverty and utter failure. This was the life of Sir Francis Drake. The exact date of Drake’s birth eludes historians, but he was believed to have been born between 1540 and 1543 to a yeomen farmer family. Francis’s grandparents leased the Crowndale farm from the estate of Lord Francis Russell. Francis’s father Edmund was also born at Crowndale (Kelsey 4). There the family farmed nearly 180 acres of land and lived by fairly comfortable means. Francis’s father Edmund also served the local community and the county of Devonshire as a Protestant lay preacher (â€Å"Sir Francis Drake† 211). His father’s ideals and teachings had great effect on Francis and his upbringing and experiences as a Protestant would lead to a loathing of Catholics later in his life. During the Catholic uprising of 1549, the Drake family was forced to flee their comfortable Crowndale home in Devonshire County and head east. The family settled in the county of Kent. Giving up their contented homestead at Crowndale, the Drakes found lodging on the south bank of the Thames Estuary, in the hull of an old naval ship near Chatham (Kelsey 8) (â€Å"Sir Francis Drake† 211). The life we think of as being full of ...

Abstinence Education And Sexual Education

of adolescent children receive some form of sex education before graduating high school. Sexual education units of classes are taught in two ways; comprehensively and abstinence-only. Comprehensive sexual education covers abstinence as an option, but teaches a generally wider array of sexual health options, like contraceptives and ways to avoid sexually transmitted infections. Abstinence-only education, however, teaches students that engaging in sexual activity prior to marriage is morally wrong, and†¦ Having abstinence only education as a form of sexual health education can lead women to be have problems in the future. As in the article â€Å"We need to raise awareness about female fertility before it is too late†, there is a nurse who mentions the importance for young people to be taught the biology of reproduction as a part of a sexual health education class (Denton 32). She states that there are women around their late thirties and early forties who are having a hard time conceiving (Denton 32)†¦ many good reasons to teach abstinence, there is, of course, a great deal of controversy in the communities throughout the U.S., as there would be with any kind of statement that shows a personal opinion. . For example, â€Å"Abstinence-only education isn’t ‘education’. By design, it’s a program that leaves young women and men in the dark and misinformed† (Getting to Responsible Sexual Health Education). This quote, coming from K. Sajuta, states that abstinence-only education should not be taught. In several†¦ all American teenage students. For years the education system in America has either taught an Abstinence only curriculum or not had any form of sexual education. Until the outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus in the 1980’s the exclusively abstinence education curriculum was considered sufficient, then many professionals had to consider another scholastic approach in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases spreading. An extensive sexual education curriculum has been considered to be the best†¦ Sex Education School systems in the United states have been implementing sexual education into classrooms. Arguments are abundant when dealing with such fragile situations and there are many advantages and disadvantages of sexual education being taught in the public schools. It seems that most parents are either strongly for or against sex education classes, but there are a few parents that are on both sides. In fact, there are more parents that support sex education classes. However, there are†¦ Despite that image, sex education should be taken seriously. What is taught to young people early on about sex, impacts their lives as adults. Abstinence only sex education teaches students to wait until marriage for sex, often leaving out details about STDs and pregnancy. Comprehensive sex education gives students medically accurate and evidence based information about sex, providing them with the knowledge they need to have safe sex and healthy lives. Despite comprehensive education being the most informative†¦ Sexual Education in Schools Sex education in schools is important, but most students that are in a sexual education class have a distorted view of sexuality. They also do not have a good understanding of the word contraception and how to have safe-sex practices. Abstinence-only programs in public schools have become popular because of a law that gives millions of dollars to schools that will teach this program. This program has a great intention of persuading their youth to wait until marriage before†¦ there is no way this would pass for sex education outside of the silver screen, right? Actually, sometimes it does, and that comes with major consequences. Abstinence-only sex education has been taught in United States public schools for decades. This has been the state-preferred form of sexual education in many states, though proven to be ineffective in preventing or lowering the rates of teen pregnancies and STI transmission. Sex positive education, or education that teaches proper methods of protection†¦ Abstinence-based sex education isn’t a practical approach to sex education because it doesn’t give students the necessary resources they need to prevent the consequences of engaging in any type of sexual activity. Teenagers need the proper facts about contraception and birth control to be able to take the appropriate precautions for when they decide to become sexually active. With abstinence-based programs there is no decrease in the amount of sexual activity that students are engaging in and where†¦ The majority of born again Christians also support abstinence only programs because they tend to have different perspectives about sexuality than the rest of America. Eighty-one percent of Christian Americans voted to have abstinence only education while only thirty-one percent of other Americans voted for abstinence only education. The Community-Based Abstinence Education (CBAE) program has mostly funded organizations that have strong religious faith. A Silver Ring program has even been placed†¦

Businesses value of information______Study case Assignment

Businesses value of information______Study case - Assignment Example Naturally, large companies such in the same caliber as Telstra have establishments around the world on various technologies i.e. cloud services, software development among other. The statutes and charters in these industries do not distinguish the variations in such technologies. This advocates for the frequent lawsuits between companies and transnational organizations. Moreover, the patent laws in the industry emphasis on flexibility due to the vast growth and development of new technologies (Lamb, 2012). Competition is always a significant element in all industries but in telecommunication and computer technology production, sharing ideas on areas such as graphic user interface and operating systems is not a major issue because novelty and innovation are the key determinants of success in such an industry. Relatively, the flexibility aspect of the patent laws and system in general only give protection on a neutral perspective hence making it easy for lawsuits in difficult situations. Relatively, Telstra should assume the role on the global platform coming up with a way to offer customers a hosted ERP system on cloud without abusing the different regulation s and legal patents. This will reduce the possibility of lawsuits, which might negatively affect Telstra’s trust by the consumers. Given Telstra is an already established company in telecommunications and media, the main significance relative to its current aim of provision of information technology services is a Geographic Information System (GIS). Geographical information systems have become predominant in many organizations in the course of improving their effectiveness, especially for companies thriving in different but related markets. GIS describes computer-based systems specially designed in order to assist in the capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing, as well as management and presentation of different kinds of spatial

Environmental Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Regulations - Essay Example Emissions trading or cap which is a market-approach used in controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for gaining reduction in the rate of emissions of pollutants, offers a better means of regulating environmental impact of the aviation industry (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). Aviation tax which is a tax levied on passengers who pass through the airport is one of the taxes used to regulate the activities in the industry. The tax is thus included in the cost of air travels hence it is met by all people who are traveling. This is known as landing fee as the bulk of it is paid by the airlines and transferred to the customers through increased ticket prices. The fact that the taxes are based on the popularity of an airline, means that some will pay more while others will tend to pay less. This does not offer a better means of regulating environmental degradation caused by the aviation industry. It is a proven fact that the rate of pollution remains the same irrespective of the popularity of the airline hence the levies charged need to be the same for all the airlines. Emissions trading seem to offer the best way of controlling pollution in the aviation industry as it is charged equally for all the

Marketing research -- MBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing research -- MBA - Essay Example The classifications of market research are evaluated in four ways, which are purposive market research, secondary and primary market research, qualitative and quantitative market research, business to business, and business to customers’ market research. The purposive market research contains three basic research designs, which are exploratory research, descriptive research, and causal research (Malhotra, 2010). According to its name, the descriptive research is to describe something, usually market characteristics or functions (Malhotra and Birks, 2007). Descriptive research is often preplanned and structured as the research questions are clearly defined. It is often used to describe the potential size of the market; building consumers’ profiles; measuring consumer perception towards a product or brand; to make specific future predictions, for example, the future sales level for the company (Quee, 1999). Compared to the exploratory research, descriptive research is cha racterized by the prior setting of specific hypotheses. Furthermore, the descriptive research can be further classified into cross-sectional research and longitudinal research (Malhotra and Birks, 2007). In the report, the the questions that will be examined are: what are the purposes of using descriptive market research; what are the advantages for the descriptive market research; what are the difficulties that may rise in using descriptive market research? It helps to understand the methodologies of market research as well as to critically analyze the effectiveness of descriptive market research. The purpose of marketing research is described as to â€Å"Gain a more detailed understanding of consumers’ needs; reduce the risk of product/business failure and forecast future trends†. (Tutor2u, 2010) The descriptive market research is primarily focused on the gathering of numeric,

Field of Nursing Informatics

Field of Nursing Informatics Professional Portfolio and Self-Marketing Plan Kelsey Hopkins Abstract â€Å"Nursing is a dynamic, evolving profession that presents limitless career opportunities for nurses with graduate degrees† (American National College of Nursing). Today, more than ever, that is evident in nursing informatics (NI). Nursing informatics involves the use computer software systems to enhance and improve patient care documentation tools, indirectly improving the quality of care patients receive worldwide. Nursing informatics is an expanding, fast-paced, ever changing nursing career that continues to grow worldwide. Key words: Nursing informatics, computer software systems, quality, patient care Professional Portfolio Self-Marketing Plan Nursing Informatics is the integration of nursing science, computer and information science, and cognitive science to manage communication and expand the data, information, knowledge, and wisdom of nursing practice† (American Nurses Association Nursing Informatics Scope and Standards, 2008). Nursing informatics utilizes health information technology to improve the health of patients and their families worldwide. A nurse informatics specialist streamlines the management and communication in nursing, vastly enhancing productivity, minimizing healthcare services costs and improving patient care quality. The field of nursing informatics is one of the fastest growing specializations in healthcare today. The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) estimates that within the next few years 70,000 nursing informatics specialists will be needed to fulfill jobs (AMIA, 2013). Purpose of Nurse Informatics Specialist With the implementation of the Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR), documentation has become an essential communication tool among healthcare providers in providing quality care to patients. The purpose of a nurse informatics specialist is to outline and apply computerized documentation systems that enhance accuracy, reduce workload, and facilitate the analysis of clinical data between healthcare providers. A nurse informatics specialist determines ways to improve the rate, usability, readiness and precision of healthcare provider’s documentation, thus simplifying and enhancing documentation. Required competencies and scope of practice standards for Nursing Informatics The Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Initiative was formed to develop competencies for the field of nursing informatics. The TIGER initiative identified a list of competencies grouped into three basic categories: computer competencies, informatics skills and informatics knowledge (TIGER Sumit). A nurse informatics specialist must have working knowledge of basic software applications (Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint) and knowledge of software design and project management. Specific nursing informatics skills include experience with template editing and the capability to develop methods to test for validity. Overall the nursing informatics specialist must be highly self-motivated and have excellent people skills. Nursing Informatics scopes and standards of practice are outlined in the 2008 ANA Nursing Informatics: Scopes and Standards of Practice. The book highlights nursing informatics characteristics, development and trends, educations and training, and ethical and conceptual roots (ANA, 2008). Type of Facility and Department The nurse informatics specialist can work at a variety of healthcare facilities; anywhere clinical nurses are found, a nurse informatics specialist can be found. From companies like Cerner, a public company focused on health information technology, which employs mainly traveling nurse specialists, to a community hospital, a nurse informatics specialist can be employed. The nurse informatics specialist generally works within the information technology department. Primary Responsibilities and Knowledge required of the Nurse Informatics Specialist The nurse informatics specialist is responsible for all aspects of planning, design, development, implementation, maintenance and evaluation of clinical information systems (Nursing informatics). The nurse informatics specialist assists with the development and implementation of quality tracking and reporting systems and utilizes knowledge and skills of nursing practice to determine clinical functions. The nurse informatics specialist utilizes computer software systems to enhance and improve patient care documentation tools, indirectly improving the quality of care patients receive worldwide. Educational and Professional Requirements The nurse informatics specialist should be a registered nurse with three-five years of clinical experience. Possess at least a BSN, although a MSN is preferred. The job applicant must also demonstrate the ability to plan and implement clinical information systems. A Nursing Informatics Certification is necessary, and Certified Professional in Healthcare Information Management Systems (CAHIMS), and Certified Professional in Healthcare Information Management Systems (CPHIMS) are highly recommended. Rationale for Nurse Informatics Specialists According to ANA Nursing Informatics: Scopes and Standards of Practice, â€Å"Nurses trained in NI support improved patient outcomes through their expertise in information processes, structures, and technologies, thus helping nurses and other care providers to create and record the evidence of their practice† (American Nurses Association, 2008, Pg.2). Through the use of technology and computerized documentation, the nurse informatics specialist indirectly improves the lives of patients and their families worldwide. The nurse informatics specialist improves the efficiency of healthcare provides thus enhancing patient care through the implementation of accurate, simple to use patient documentation tools. Services of Nurse Informatics Specialist Electronic documentation is the primary responsibility of the nurse informatics specialist. After all, documentation is how healthcare providers communicate with one another. A nurse informatics specialist, through the use of computer software and information technologies, finds ways to enhance and simplify documentation thus improving the quality of patient care. The goal is to develop a clinical system that is user-friendly, effective, and enhances patient care. Benefit to the Organization and Customers The ultimate go of healthcare is better health for all. Employed and utilized properly, a nurse informatics specialist is able to help healthcare organizations and patients achieve their ultimate goal. Nursing informatics utilizes health information technology to improve the health of patients and their families worldwide. A nurse informatics specialist improves information management and communication in nursing, thus improving efficiency, reducing costs and enhancing the quality of patient care (American Nurses Association, 2008). A nurse informatics specialist gives back valuable time to healthcare providers by enhancing the efficiency of the healthcare organizations documentation system allowing them to spend more time on direct patient care activities. Characteristics of a Master’s Prepared Nurse A master’s prepared nurse is a well-rounded nurse with diverse experiences, knowledge, and insight. A master’s prepared nurse is determined, highly motivated, well-educated employee. A master’s prepared nurse is a critical thinker with invaluable leadership skills; eager for new challenges and professional growth. It’s this skill set that allows the master’s prepared nurse to flourish in the quick paced, ever changing field of nursing informatics. Unique Attributes Anywhere a clinical nurse is employed, a nurse informatics specialist is employed. Nurse informatics specialists can work in virtually all healthcare settings; from a public health agency to a public health information technology company, nurse informatics specialists are employable in every healthcare setting in the world. To be successful as a nurse informatics specialist, one must possess certain competencies. The nurse informatics specialist must have excellent computer skills with an understanding of how to effectively use computer software programs (Microsoft Word, Excel), knowledge flow of clinical workflow in hospitals and outpatient care settings, and knowledge of Federally Qualified Healthcare standards (JCAHO). The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 mandated that by January 1, 2014, all public and private healthcare providers and other eligible professionals (EP) must have adopted and demonstrated meaningful use of electronic medical records (EMR) in order to maintain their existing Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement levels† (Centers of Medicare and Medicaid, ). This act also provides healthcare providers with financial incentives if they are able to demonstrate â€Å"meaningful use† of EHR. The field of nursing informatics is unlike any other nursing field today. Nursing informatics utilizes the technology advances of the 21st century to influence and improve the quality of patient care in an indirect patient care role. Unlike the specialties of clinical systems management or nurse educator, a nurse informatics specialist works side by side with healthcare providers to outline and apply computerized documentation systems that enhance accuracy, reduce workload, and facilitate the analysis of clinical data between healthcare providers. A nurse informatics specialist determines ways to improve the rate, usability, readiness and precision of healthcare provider’s documentation, thus simplifying and enhancing documentation Conclusion The field of nursing informatics is one of the fastest growing specializations in healthcare today. Nursing informatics utilizes health information technology to improve the health of patients and their families worldwide. A nurse informatics specialist streamlines the management and communication in nursing, vastly enhancing the productivity, reducing healthcare services costs and improving patient care quality. The nurse informatics specialist must have excellent computer skills with an understanding of how to effectively use computer software programs (Microsoft Word, Excel), knowledge flow of clinical workflow in hospitals and outpatient care settings, and knowledge of Federally Qualified Healthcare standards.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essays -- Wolfgang Mozart Biographies Bio Essa

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, as he is generally known, was baptized in a Salzburg Cathedral on the day after his birth as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus. The first and last given names come from his godfather Joannes Theophilus Pergmayr, although Mozart preferred the Latin form of this last name, Amadeus, more often Amadà ©, or the Italiano Amadeo, and occasionally the Deutsch Gottlieb. Whatever the case may be, he rarely - if ever - used Theophilus in his signature. The name Chrysostomus originates from St. John Chrysostom, whose feast falls on the 27th of January. The name Wolfgang was given to him in honor of his maternal grandfather, Wolfgang Nikolaus Pertl. He was the seventh and last child born to musical author, composer and violinist, Leopold Mozart and his wife Anna Maria Pertl. Only Wolfgang and Maria Anna (whose nickname was 'Nannerl') survived infancy. He was born in a house in the Hagenauersches Haus in Salzburg, Austria, on the 27th of January, 1756. Though he did not walk until he was three years old, Mozart displayed musical gifts at an extremely early age. At the age of four, he could reproduce on the piano a melody played to him; at five, he could play the violin with perfect intonation. In fact, with more recent evidence, Mozart is believed to have written his first composition just a few short days before his fourth birthday! These compositions, an Andante and Allegro K1a and K1b, were written, Leopold noted, early in 1760, as he approached his fourth birthday. They are very brief, and modelled on the little pieces that his sister had been given to play (and which he also learnt; the "Wolfgang Notenbuch" is a forgery). As they survive only in his father's handwriting, it is impossible to determine how much of them are Mozart's own work. So when the six-year-old Wolfgang had proved his extraordinary talents at the keyboard, Leopold was keen to exhibit those talents along with those of his gifted pianist daughter, Nannerl. Thus Leopold undertook a four month tour of Vienna and the surrounding area, visiting every noble house and palace he could find, taking the entire family with him. Mozart's first known public appearance was at Salzburg University in September of 1761, when he took part in a theatrical performance with music by Eberlin. Like other parents of his time, Leopold Mozart saw nothi... ...ts of fever and general ill-health. And in his last ten years in Vienna, the constant need to write commissioned work - for he was the first of the composing freelances, with no regular patrons or court salaries - had worn him down to the point where one bout of fever was sure to finish him off. In July he'd had the anonymous commission to write a Requiem for the Dead; but that had been progressing slowly, because he'd been busy with two operas - La Clemenza di Tito and The Magic Flute - and two cantatas at the same time. Thirty-five years of artistic, social and personal pressure was taking its toll. Almost as soon as the cold cloths had been wrapped around his head, Mozart lost consciousness. He left no great last words; his final utterance was an attempt to express a drum passage in the Requiem, a sound that would haunt Sophie Haibel for the rest of her life. Perhaps, in his last semi-conscious moments, the sounds of the completed Requiem were sounding inside Mozart's head, the perfect performance of his final masterpiece and swan-song that would never be heard. Shortly before one o'clock on the morning of 5 December 1791, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died at the age of 35.

12 Table of Roman Law Essay

As advanced civilizations developed throughout the world, a common trend was observed regardless of time and location. That trend was the development of a law and government. Each civilization developed some form of law, the Babylonians had Hammurabi’s Code, the Hebrew had Mosaic Law, and the Greeks had the Draconian Law. Although these were all great forms of law, one of the most important advances in legal history was the Romans and their development of the 12 Tables of Roman Law. The 12 tables of Roman law reflect the social structure, government, and moral values of the Roman Empire. The 12 tables of Roman law provide an ample amount of evidence to support the idea that the Romans had a distinct social structure. When one analyzes the 12 tables of Roman law it is clear that the romans perceived women, slaves and even children to be inferior beings, which meant they were at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Table 5 Law 1 is one example of how the women were socially viewed in Roman society. Table 5 Law 1 states â€Å"Females should remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority†. 1 This meant all females immediately had to transfer from the guardianship of their fathers to the guardianship of their husbands. By the same token, women also did not have any control over the wealth or land that the family owned, which makes it evident that they were not trusted or respected as independently acting individual or as equals with the males of society. Additionally, women had no control over the fate of her children. This is made evident based off the information given in Table 4 Law 1 where it states, â€Å"A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed.† 2 The law does not set a clear standard as to what is considered a deformity therefore, the decision was always left up to the male to decide if a child should be killed or not. The ideals and moral values of the Romans also can be found in the examination of the 12 tables of the Roman law. The romans were a very ruthless civilization. This ruthless mindset is most evident in Table 4 Law 1 where it states â€Å"A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed†3 The romans believed that once a young boy reached adulthood, it was his duty to serve in the military. Therefore, if a boy was born with deformities or not perceived as strong enough to become a solider he was killed. Another ideal or moral value that is evident in the 12 tables of Roman law is the belief of honoring your word and repaying debts. Several of  the roman laws address the summoning of one to court. Table 1 Law 2 states â€Å"if he shrinks or runs away let the summoner lay hands on him†4. This law gave the summoner the authority to physically punish the summoned if he decided to run or hide when called to come to court. From this law and others like it in Table 1, it can be implied that the Roman civilization valued integrity and honesty. The establishment of a strong government is also evident from the 12 Tables of Roman law. The Law of the Twelve Tables was the ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. Although the 12 tables of Roman law were not perfect, due to its early time of creation, they still needed a strong central government to enforce this legislation. The many laws about landownership in the Tables also make it very apparent that the government was greatly influenced by the opinions of local wealthy landowners. This means that the early Roman government was most likely an Oligarchy. Since they were an Oligarchy the parliament and landowners met together to make important decisions for the Roman Empire. In conclusion, the 12 table of Roman law had a great effect on the social structure, government, and moral values of the Roman Empire. The impact that these 12 Tables have had on future legislations and the Roman Empire is profound.

Early Puritan Writers Essay

The Puritans who risked their lives, fortunes and futures to start a new life in what was then known as the new world, which is to say the American colonies, brought with them from their native land a desire to start a new life free from religious persecution and full of the faith in God that had brought them through many obstacles to a fresh start. In that search for a new life, Puritans likewise sought moral and spiritual guidance from their leadership. One of the most important ways that this guidance came to be was through the use of the written word. Perhaps no better writers existed during that time than John Smith, William Byrd and William Bradford. In this essay, the writings, beliefs and philosophies of these three men will be presented, universal themes in their works will be discussed, and a conclusion to the paper will bring all of the research into proper prospective. The Works and Philosophies of John Smith Many who study the writings of the early American writers consider John Smith to be not only a highly skilled writer, but likewise what can fairly be called a social, political, and religious commentator of his times. To begin, however, there is a point of clarification that is generally agreed upon, which is the fact that while John Smith was undoubtedly a devout Christian and a man of simple habits and pure living, he was not technically a Puritan by designation, but pure of heart and spirit nonetheless (Hammond, 2000). It would be more precise to categorize Smith as a devotee of the development of the New England colonies upon a foundation of obedience to God as well as the law of man. Before his life in America, Smith was a decorated hero of the English crown, but underwent a change of heart upon realizing that the English lords for whom he had fought so many battles only wanted to enslave the American colonists in a sense. Because of this, Smith soon became a champion of New England’s obedience not to England, but to the word of God. Some of Smith’s best known writings told the story of the struggles of the New England colonists, while still professing the critical role that God plays in the well being of all people, and the importance of piety and faith. Ultimately, this gave Smith a wide audience in the Puritan community and made him one of the most renowned Puritan writers, although he was not technically a member of the sect (Hammond, 2000). Standing in contrast to the piety, serious writing style, and religious obedience of John Smith stands William Byrd, whose writings used a combination of satire and cutting wit to show the difference between the religious and non- religious communities. Writings of William Byrd William Byrd took a drastically different path than Smith in terms of his writing and social commentary; through a blend of satire, humor and parody, Byrd professed that there is a marked difference between the secular and sacred elements of society, and that indeed people could live on either side in harmony. In his book â€Å"The History of the Dividing Line†, Byrd is writing of his explorations of the North American continent and the border between Virginia and North Carolina, but beyond the literal, there lies a great deal of content, philosophy and wisdom. Indirectly, Byrd metaphorically makes a distinction between a life that is defined by obedience to God and one that is guided more by a type of common sense to differentiate between right and wrong and the importance of the decisions and choices on makes in their life (Hammond, 2000). In this book, Byrd discusses the vast wilderness, which is to say the unknown territory that the early Americans must explore and learn how to inhabit if they are to enjoy everything that life has to offer. On a more philosophical level, however, this wilderness is shown as the unknown areas of evil that the human mind can create and explore if the will of the individual is to turn away from God and be disobedient. Also, on a philosophical level, Byrd draws a parallel between the pure and fresh land that the early American settlers have been given, as a sort of gift from God, and the other pure blessings that God provides. In either case, it is up to the individual to embrace and enjoy them, or squander and destroy them. Seemingly bridging the gap between the sacred of Smith and secular of Byrd is William Bradford, the leader of the Pilgrim settlers of the Plymouth Colony of New England, the second Governor of the colony, and generally recognized as the founder of the first Thanksgiving feast. William Bradford’s Body of Literature As was stated in the previous section of this paper, William Bradford can fairly be seen as the midway point between the secular and sacred writers, incorporating both in combination in his writings. His best known work, â€Å"History of Plymouth Plantation†, shows evidence of this belief system, which also projected into his leadership of the colony. Bradford firmly believed that it was the grace of God which brought the colonists to a new life in the Plymouth colony, and it was this same grace which helped them to survive their first brutal winter, when many of their citizens perished due to the harsh conditions. Also, however, Bradford believed that the efforts of the individual were essential to survival (Hammond, 2000), in a sort of thinking that goes by the old adage that God helps those who help themselves. Giving God due praise and worship for blessings, Bradford also put forth the philosophy that the work of humans was needed to nourish the body as God was needed to nourish the soul. Bradford has been acknowledged as the father of the concept of industry in America to produce needed goods and provide a livelihood for people. Perhaps Bradford developed a respect for those who were not particularly devoted to the church but were guided by a will to survive when these people, known at that time as â€Å"Strangers†, made the passage to New England along with the devout Pilgrims, demonstrating that what they lacked in piety they more than made up for in determination to succeed. This experience, it is fair to say, may have influenced Bradford to write in a style that acknowledges the importance of God, but also recognizes the value of the individual aside from their soul. Conclusion This paper has presented information about three early Puritan writers who used varying degrees of faith and philosophy, secular and sacred, to create historical writings that are still being discussed, and are highly respected, centuries after their creation. These works stand as an ultimate monument to the men, their times and belief systems. In retrospect, these early Puritan writers would surely be pleased with this outcome. References Hammond, J. A. (2000). The American Puritan Elegy: A Literary and Cultural Study. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.